See grać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gracz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nagrać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nagrawać"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "grać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "grać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*jьgrati<id:play>",
"id": "play",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ\nProto-Slavic *jьgrà\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *jьgrati\nOld Polish grać\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jьgrà\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jьgrati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"grać\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"play\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"grać\" id=\"Old_Polish:_play\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*jьgrati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *jьgrati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*jьgrati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgrati",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 15th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ\nProto-Slavic *jьgrà\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *jьgrati\nOld Polish grać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgrati. The lack of i- versus its presence in igrać was initially conditioned; if a word beginning with jь- began a sentence then this cluster developed into i-, if it occurred after a term ending with a vowel it was lost, resulting initially in two forms that, with time, specialized in meaning. Compare skra versus iskra. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "grać impf",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "nagrawanie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
46
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 320:",
"text": "*Syą dzyeczy czysthe, male, malem sythe, graya, zgodni szą, richlo daya, czyrzpya",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to play (to participate in a game)"
],
"id": "en-grać-zlw-opl-verb-NdVDQSS4",
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) to play (to participate in a game)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
42
],
[
66,
70
],
[
102,
106
]
],
"ref": "1853 [XV ex.], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Piśmiennictwo polskie od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830, volume 4, page 137:",
"text": "Dwą kostarze... szobą (leg. z sobą) gygraly, w boze gymyą yeden gygral..., drugy w gymyą dyablą yesth gral",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gamble"
],
"id": "en-grać-zlw-opl-verb-mjCrkHoF",
"links": [
[
"gamble",
"gamble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) to gamble"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "grać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish imperfective verbs",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"szl:Gaming",
"zlw-opl:Gaming"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gracz"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nagrać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nagrawać"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "grać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "grać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*jьgrati<id:play>",
"id": "play",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ\nProto-Slavic *jьgrà\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *jьgrati\nOld Polish grać\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jьgrà\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jьgrati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"grać\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"play\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"grać\" id=\"Old_Polish:_play\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*jьgrati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *jьgrati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*jьgrati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgrati",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 15th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ\nProto-Slavic *jьgrà\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *jьgrati\nOld Polish grać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgrati. The lack of i- versus its presence in igrać was initially conditioned; if a word beginning with jь- began a sentence then this cluster developed into i-, if it occurred after a term ending with a vowel it was lost, resulting initially in two forms that, with time, specialized in meaning. Compare skra versus iskra. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "grać impf",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "nagrawanie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
46
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 320:",
"text": "*Syą dzyeczy czysthe, male, malem sythe, graya, zgodni szą, richlo daya, czyrzpya",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to play (to participate in a game)"
],
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) to play (to participate in a game)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
42
],
[
66,
70
],
[
102,
106
]
],
"ref": "1853 [XV ex.], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Piśmiennictwo polskie od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830, volume 4, page 137:",
"text": "Dwą kostarze... szobą (leg. z sobą) gygraly, w boze gymyą yeden gygral..., drugy w gymyą dyablą yesth gral",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gamble"
],
"links": [
[
"gamble",
"gamble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) to gamble"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "grać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grać meaning in Old Polish (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"grać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "grać",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"grać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "grać",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"grać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "grać",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"grać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "grać",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.